A Combinatorial Reasoning Mechanism with Topological and Metric Relations for Change Detection in River Planforms: An Application to GlobeLand30's Water Bodies

Changes in river plane shapes are called river planform changes (RPCs). Such changes can impact sustainable human development (e.g., human habitations, industrial and agricultural development, and national border security). RPCs can be identified through field surveys—a method that is highly precise but time-consuming, or through remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), which are less precise but more efficient. Previous studies that have addressed RPCs often used RS, GIS, or digital elevation models (DEMs) and focused on only one or a few rivers in specific areas with the goal of identifying the reasons underlying these changes. In contrast, in this paper, we developed a combinatorial reasoning mechanism based on topological and metric relations that can be used to classify RPCs. This approach does not require DEMs and can eliminate most false-change information caused by varying river water levels. First, we present GIS models of river planforms based on their natural properties and, then, modify these models into simple GIS river planform models (SGRPMs) using straight lines rather than common lines to facilitate computational and human understanding. Second, we used double straight line 4-intersection models (DSL4IMs) and intersection and difference models (IDMs) of the regions to represent the topological relations between the SGRPMs and used double-start-point 8-distance models (DS8DMs) to express the metric relations between the SGRPMs. Then, we combined topological and metric relations to analyse the changes in the SGRPMs. Finally, to compensate for the complexity of common river planforms in nature, we proposed three segmentation rules to turn common river planforms into SGRPMs and used combinatorial reasoning mechanism tables (CRMTs) to describe the spatial relations among different river planforms. Based on our method, users can describe common river planforms and their changes in detail and confidently reject false changes. Future work should develop a method to automatically or semi-automatically adjust the segmentation rules and the combinatorial reasoning mechanism.